University of Tehran Global Media Journal-Persian Edition 2008-0468 5 2 2010 09 23 he Representation of Religious Experience in Iranian Cinema from the Standpoint of Traditional Islamic Discourse; A Discourse Analysis of the Movie "Zire Noore Mah (Under the Moon Light)" he Representation of Religious Experience in Iranian Cinema from the Standpoint of Traditional Islamic Discourse; A Discourse Analysis of the Movie "Zire Noore Mah (Under the Moon Light)" 66581 FA Azam Ravadrad Majid Soleimani Journal Article 1970 01 01 In this paper, the representation of religious experience in Irans cinema is analyzed from the stand point of Islamic tradition discourse, using the representation theory and the discourse analysis approach. In fact, the tradition discourse is known as a discourse which conclusively accepts the religion and the revelationteachings and also “divine wisdom”. Factors such as moral, cognitive issues and ontology are among the criteria for judging the Islamic tradition discourse. These factors have not any conflict with the revelation teachings. Religious experience is also the main principle of this discourse which refers to a special way of connection of the human being with the metaphysics. This connection is visible from two aspects, firstly one s real life who has experienced these connections. Second, one s fantasy based life, in film and cinema in which personal experiences are represented and are made visible to the audience. Spiritual Cinema of Iran as one of the most important visual media has paid attention to represent diverse discourses concerning religious experience. According to this article s original research documents, there are three discourses concerning religious experience in the cinema, which include intellectualism, religious intellectualism and Islamic tradition discourses. This article is concerned with the third discourse and uses it to analyze the movie Zire Noore Mah. In this paper, the representation of religious experience in Irans cinema is analyzed from the stand point of Islamic tradition discourse, using the representation theory and the discourse analysis approach. In fact, the tradition discourse is known as a discourse which conclusively accepts the religion and the revelationteachings and also “divine wisdom”. Factors such as moral, cognitive issues and ontology are among the criteria for judging the Islamic tradition discourse. These factors have not any conflict with the revelation teachings. Religious experience is also the main principle of this discourse which refers to a special way of connection of the human being with the metaphysics. This connection is visible from two aspects, firstly one s real life who has experienced these connections. Second, one s fantasy based life, in film and cinema in which personal experiences are represented and are made visible to the audience. Spiritual Cinema of Iran as one of the most important visual media has paid attention to represent diverse discourses concerning religious experience. According to this article s original research documents, there are three discourses concerning religious experience in the cinema, which include intellectualism, religious intellectualism and Islamic tradition discourses. This article is concerned with the third discourse and uses it to analyze the movie Zire Noore Mah.

University of Tehran Global Media Journal-Persian Edition 2008-0468 5 2 2010 09 23 Measuring Computer Self-efficacy; Application of Computer Self-Efficacy in the field of IT users, A Case Study of University Student in Isfahan and Shahreza Measuring Computer Self-efficacy; Application of Computer Self-Efficacy in the field of IT users, A Case Study of University Student in Isfahan and Shahreza 66582 FA Mohammad Ali Zaki Journal Article 1970 01 01 This paper provides some arguments in the field of self efficacy of computer users in two universities of the province of Isfahan, Iran. The results of this argument come from a survey research that used a standard questionnaire previously validated in a number of other surveys. The data I have gathered are based on a survey that was done among 200 samples including male and female students. The paper uses descriptive data analysis to describe what the situation of samples is in terms of age, education and place of computer use. A larger part of analysis, however, is placed on examination of the research hypothesis. Some of the findings indicate that there is no significant correlation between computer self efficacy among male and female students. The findings also indicate that there is no correlation between self efficacy of students in Isfahan and Shahreza. My analysis, however, indicated that there is a direct by negative correlation between and age and computer self efficacy. This means as age increases the self-efficacy decreases. This paper provides some arguments in the field of self efficacy of computer users in two universities of the province of Isfahan, Iran. The results of this argument come from a survey research that used a standard questionnaire previously validated in a number of other surveys. The data I have gathered are based on a survey that was done among 200 samples including male and female students. The paper uses descriptive data analysis to describe what the situation of samples is in terms of age, education and place of computer use. A larger part of analysis, however, is placed on examination of the research hypothesis. Some of the findings indicate that there is no significant correlation between computer self efficacy among male and female students. The findings also indicate that there is no correlation between self efficacy of students in Isfahan and Shahreza. My analysis, however, indicated that there is a direct by negative correlation between and age and computer self efficacy. This means as age increases the self-efficacy decreases.

University of Tehran Global Media Journal-Persian Edition 2008-0468 5 2 2010 09 23 Would This Man Have Access To Atom Bomb? An Analysis of the WMD Disputes and its Representation in American Press Would This Man Have Access To Atom Bomb? An Analysis of the WMD Disputes and its Representation in American Press 66583 FA Ehsan Shaghasemi Ali Asqar Soltani Journal Article 1970 01 01 The media are reflectors of the interests of their owners and media owners have ideologies. But, how these ideologies are transmitted to writers in press and are reflected in format of texts? Ideologies organize particular attitudes of groups; these attitudes can be represented in form of personal opinions in models and finally, these opinions can be expressed in press and talks. Based upon such a presumption, this paper examines the estate of representing Iranian nuclear controversy in one of the editorials in Time magazine to show that how American press rebuild the realities of this controversy in the way that serves the policies of the American government. Theoretically, this study is based upon the socio-cognitive approach of Van Dijk and the framework he proposes for the analysis of editorials in press. The media are reflectors of the interests of their owners and media owners have ideologies. But, how these ideologies are transmitted to writers in press and are reflected in format of texts? Ideologies organize particular attitudes of groups; these attitudes can be represented in form of personal opinions in models and finally, these opinions can be expressed in press and talks. Based upon such a presumption, this paper examines the estate of representing Iranian nuclear controversy in one of the editorials in Time magazine to show that how American press rebuild the realities of this controversy in the way that serves the policies of the American government. Theoretically, this study is based upon the socio-cognitive approach of Van Dijk and the framework he proposes for the analysis of editorials in press.

University of Tehran Global Media Journal-Persian Edition 2008-0468 5 2 2010 09 23 Habitus and Style of Music Consumption: A Case Study of the Youth in the City of Tehran Habitus and Style of Music Consumption: A Case Study of the Youth in the City of Tehran 66584 FA Ali Shakoori Amirhossein Gholamzadeh-e Natanzi Journal Article 1970 01 01 The coming out of differentiation based on the consumption of different kinds of music, particularly non-Iranian music, among the Iranian youth, has raised lots of questions about their structuration and characteristics, as well as the outcomes of the country cultural policies. This paper attempts to answer these questions thought investigating the relationship between the habitus of the Iranian youth and their music consumption and by using survey research method. The findings indicate a considerable variety in consuming different kinds (styles) of music among the respondents. The analysis of the data showed statistically significant relationship between these styles and the habitus variables of Bourdieu such as socio-economic status, the location of residence, major of the study, ethnicity, and sexuality. Regarding the significance of the effect of these variables, the analysis of the data indicated that the location of residence, socio-economic status, major of the study, and sexuality had respectively the highest effect on the sort of the music consumption. However, ethnicity had no effect on the independent variable. The findings about diversity of musical consumption and the effect of socio-economic variables indicate the emergence and development of different musical styles and the coming up of a sort of sub-cultural inclinations within the general culture. This, in turn, makes more prominent the failure of officially cultural policies in the case of the youth sub-cultures in accordance with the (dominant (general) culture. The coming out of differentiation based on the consumption of different kinds of music, particularly non-Iranian music, among the Iranian youth, has raised lots of questions about their structuration and characteristics, as well as the outcomes of the country cultural policies. This paper attempts to answer these questions thought investigating the relationship between the habitus of the Iranian youth and their music consumption and by using survey research method. The findings indicate a considerable variety in consuming different kinds (styles) of music among the respondents. The analysis of the data showed statistically significant relationship between these styles and the habitus variables of Bourdieu such as socio-economic status, the location of residence, major of the study, ethnicity, and sexuality. Regarding the significance of the effect of these variables, the analysis of the data indicated that the location of residence, socio-economic status, major of the study, and sexuality had respectively the highest effect on the sort of the music consumption. However, ethnicity had no effect on the independent variable. The findings about diversity of musical consumption and the effect of socio-economic variables indicate the emergence and development of different musical styles and the coming up of a sort of sub-cultural inclinations within the general culture. This, in turn, makes more prominent the failure of officially cultural policies in the case of the youth sub-cultures in accordance with the (dominant (general) culture.

University of Tehran Global Media Journal-Persian Edition 2008-0468 5 2 2010 09 23 Analyzing the Relationship between Baseball and Social Capital in the United States; Professional Sport as a Medium of Americanization Analyzing the Relationship between Baseball and Social Capital in the United States; Professional Sport as a Medium of Americanization 66585 FA Saied Reza Ameli Zinat Motahari Journal Article 1970 01 01 American Studies purports a wide range of issues including American civil society, social capital and its popular sports. The recent studies on social capital in the United States reveal the importance and attraction of the issue among the American scholars and policy makers. Nonetheless, social capital is the focal point of social and political critics as well. Social capital is the sum of the totality of civil society as a third form of control beside the government as the primary and the market as the secondary forms. The special indication here is on the fact that in any society popular activities are in meaningful association with voluntary participation; hence, in any given nation the civil society conglomerates the collective action along the lines of whatever ritual, norm or activity that suggests more familiar national connotations. The present survey aims to consider social capital in the United States in relation to an instance of voluntary collective activity i.e. baseball. As the American middle class sport, baseball is the American pastime. By baseball participation both playing of the game and spectatorship, either in the form of attending the field or following through the media, are intended. The findings of the survey reveal the absence of causal relationship between baseball participation and social capital. In other words, unlike the variation in social capital, the middle class activity of baseball participation maintains secure digits. Therefore, according to the findings of the survey, the second hypothesis suggesting the meaningful association between baseball participation and social capital is confirmed. Meanwhile, the role of baseball as a major American icon in the Americanization process institutionalized among other countries is another concern of the study, elaborated it is in the conclusion. American Studies purports a wide range of issues including American civil society, social capital and its popular sports. The recent studies on social capital in the United States reveal the importance and attraction of the issue among the American scholars and policy makers. Nonetheless, social capital is the focal point of social and political critics as well. Social capital is the sum of the totality of civil society as a third form of control beside the government as the primary and the market as the secondary forms. The special indication here is on the fact that in any society popular activities are in meaningful association with voluntary participation; hence, in any given nation the civil society conglomerates the collective action along the lines of whatever ritual, norm or activity that suggests more familiar national connotations. The present survey aims to consider social capital in the United States in relation to an instance of voluntary collective activity i.e. baseball. As the American middle class sport, baseball is the American pastime. By baseball participation both playing of the game and spectatorship, either in the form of attending the field or following through the media, are intended. The findings of the survey reveal the absence of causal relationship between baseball participation and social capital. In other words, unlike the variation in social capital, the middle class activity of baseball participation maintains secure digits. Therefore, according to the findings of the survey, the second hypothesis suggesting the meaningful association between baseball participation and social capital is confirmed. Meanwhile, the role of baseball as a major American icon in the Americanization process institutionalized among other countries is another concern of the study, elaborated it is in the conclusion.

University of Tehran Global Media Journal-Persian Edition 2008-0468 5 2 2010 09 23 What’s Newer than New New Media What’s Newer than New New Media 66586 FA Paul Levinson Journal Article 1970 01 01 “New new media” - that is, media newer than new media, such as Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube, which turn consumers into producers, and are available free of charge to everyone - continued to grow in numbers of users and influence in late 2009 and 2010. Among the specific consequences of this growth: Traditional paper newspapers have continued to sharply decline in circulation, advertising revenue, and numbers of pages. Network television news in America, and network entertainment television, have also declined in numbers of viewers. YouTube and Face book have created new stars such as Susan Boyle and revived the careers of traditional stars such as Betty White. Face book and Twitter were of enormous help in getting crucial information in and out of Haiti in the aftermath of its devastating earthquake. New new media, however, have not only been used to bring assistance to suffering humans - new new media have been used as vehicles of propaganda by all political persuasions, as, for example, the Taliban channel on YouTube. Traditional continue to attempt to offer alternatives to new new media - Oxford University Press now offers bibliographies online compiled by professional scholars, in contrast to the pages of Wikipedia, on which anyone on the Web can write and edit. But Wikipedia continues to attract millions of readers - each of whom can instantly become a writer and editor - and the impact of new new media continues to expand and have influence over the content of older media. In 2010, a hit motion picture was released about the creation of Face book, and a major television network in the United States (CBS) put on a television show based on someone’s Tweets. The Library of Congress in the United States of America is now archiving all Tweets. That one act shows that, although just 140 characters in the length, the Tweet - as are all products of new new media - is of enormous importance in our work, play, and lives. Their increase in the past year is no doubt just the beginning of the role that they will play in the world in years ahead. “New new media” - that is, media newer than new media, such as Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube, which turn consumers into producers, and are available free of charge to everyone - continued to grow in numbers of users and influence in late 2009 and 2010. Among the specific consequences of this growth: Traditional paper newspapers have continued to sharply decline in circulation, advertising revenue, and numbers of pages. Network television news in America, and network entertainment television, have also declined in numbers of viewers. YouTube and Face book have created new stars such as Susan Boyle and revived the careers of traditional stars such as Betty White. Face book and Twitter were of enormous help in getting crucial information in and out of Haiti in the aftermath of its devastating earthquake. New new media, however, have not only been used to bring assistance to suffering humans - new new media have been used as vehicles of propaganda by all political persuasions, as, for example, the Taliban channel on YouTube. Traditional continue to attempt to offer alternatives to new new media - Oxford University Press now offers bibliographies online compiled by professional scholars, in contrast to the pages of Wikipedia, on which anyone on the Web can write and edit. But Wikipedia continues to attract millions of readers - each of whom can instantly become a writer and editor - and the impact of new new media continues to expand and have influence over the content of older media. In 2010, a hit motion picture was released about the creation of Face book, and a major television network in the United States (CBS) put on a television show based on someone’s Tweets. The Library of Congress in the United States of America is now archiving all Tweets. That one act shows that, although just 140 characters in the length, the Tweet - as are all products of new new media - is of enormous importance in our work, play, and lives. Their increase in the past year is no doubt just the beginning of the role that they will play in the world in years ahead.

University of Tehran Global Media Journal-Persian Edition 2008-0468 5 2 2010 09 23 A Semiotic Analysis of Photos in Women Weblogs A Semiotic Analysis of Photos in Women Weblogs 66587 FA Mania Alehpour Journal Article 1970 01 01 This paper is based on the results of a research that studied the images used by women on their blogs. The paper offers the semiology approach of Ferdinand de Saussure to tackle the problematic of representation of women in their weblogs. The results indicate that the necessary means of expression available to women are not sufficient enough to be used for expression and for explaining themselves whether rhetorical or dialogical. Nevertheless, they need their own specific speech opportunities; otherwise they will lose these existing means of expression including weblogs and will remain as a tribune for men. This research also puts forward the role of language on shaping and amplifying the stereotypes about women. Comparing the available images on blogs, the research also concludes that women s image of their future life is ambiguous and they are not expecting enough hope and happiness in their lives. This paper is based on the results of a research that studied the images used by women on their blogs. The paper offers the semiology approach of Ferdinand de Saussure to tackle the problematic of representation of women in their weblogs. The results indicate that the necessary means of expression available to women are not sufficient enough to be used for expression and for explaining themselves whether rhetorical or dialogical. Nevertheless, they need their own specific speech opportunities; otherwise they will lose these existing means of expression including weblogs and will remain as a tribune for men. This research also puts forward the role of language on shaping and amplifying the stereotypes about women. Comparing the available images on blogs, the research also concludes that women s image of their future life is ambiguous and they are not expecting enough hope and happiness in their lives.