A Study of the Rate and Factors Affecting Journalists' Job Satisfaction Decrease in Afghan Media

This study was conducted to determine the extent and causes of job satisfaction downturn among Afghan journalists.
Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory and dual-factor theory
Frederick Herzberg presents the dual-factor theory, considering motivation and hygiene as two groups of factors affecting job satisfaction, and explains how employees' expectations and hopes are met by job satisfaction or dissatisfaction. This research is based on Herzberg’s theories. The approach adopted in the present research is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. In the first phase, using an online questionnaire, we obtained the job satisfaction of Afghan journalists. And then we conducted in-depth interviews with Afghan journalists regarding the factors behind job satisfaction. The results show that the majority of Afghan journalists are not fully satisfied with their jobs and this dissatisfaction is the product of factors that, according to Herzberg's theory, have influenced the dissatisfaction of Afghan journalists to varying degrees.
As a result, we found a group of factors that respondents described as factors affecting their job dissatisfaction. These factors included: low salaries and low rates, lack of job security, illegal interference by media officials in professional practices, failure to enforce the media law and labor law, lack of individual development programs in the workplace, security threats, instability of social status, low access to information, and gender-based behavior.